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PROTECTING YOUR WORLD

Pipeline Coatings:
External, Internal
& Field Joints

The main pipeline coating systems, from FBE and 3-layer polyolefins to liquid epoxy, polyurethane and polyurea, and where each is used for new pipe, field joints and rehabilitation.
Pipeline Coating Quotes

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Tell us the pipe diameter, length and service. We will connect you with a certified applicator who can quote the work.

  • Pipe diameter and length
  • Product carried and temperature
  • New construction or rehab
  • Location and access
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AWWA C222
Polyurethane coating standard, water pipe
AWWA
FBE
Most-used plant-applied pipe coating
Industry practice
CP + coating
Buried lines need both, working together
Industry practice
Holiday test
Every coated joint checked before burial
NACE / AMPP practice

A buried or submerged pipeline is protected by two things working together: a coating that keeps soil and water off the steel, and cathodic protection that guards any spot where the coating is damaged. The coating does most of the work, and it has to survive handling, bending, backfill, soil stress and decades underground. This guide explains the main pipeline coating systems, how field joints and repairs are handled, and where spray polyurethane and polyurea fit.

Quick answer

Most new steel pipelines are plant-coated with fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) or a three-layer polyethylene or polypropylene system. Girth welds are field-coated with liquid epoxy, heat-shrink sleeves or spray polyurethane and polyurea. Older lines are rehabilitated with high-build liquid epoxy, polyurethane or polyurea. Water pipe often uses polyurethane linings and coatings per AWWA C222. In every case, abrasive-blast prep, film thickness and holiday testing decide long-term performance.

Start here

Pipeline coating systems compared

SystemWhere appliedStrengthsLimits
Fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE)Coating plantExcellent adhesion, works with cathodic protection, provenThin film can be damaged in handling; abrasion-resistant overlay for HDD
3-layer PE / PPCoating plantVery tough, low permeability, high temperature (PP)Plant only; complex field joints
Liquid epoxyField and plantField joints, fittings, rehab, internal liningsCure time; temperature limits
Spray polyurethaneField and plantFast cure, thick, tough; AWWA C222 for water pipePlural-component equipment needed
Spray polyureaFieldThick, seamless, cures in seconds, impact resistantCheck temperature and CP compatibility per product
Tape and heat-shrink sleevesFieldSimple field jointsShielding and disbondment risk if poorly applied
Coal tar enamelLegacyLong historyLargely replaced due to health and environmental concerns
Typical characteristics; follow the pipeline owner specification.
Field work

Field joints and repairs

The girth welds made in the field are the weak link in any coated pipeline because they are coated outdoors, in a ditch or on a right-of-way, often in poor weather. Fast-curing spray systems let crews blast, coat, inspect and lower in without waiting hours for cure.

  1. Clean and blast

    Remove contamination and blast the joint to the specified standard and profile, overlapping onto the plant coating.

  2. Preheat if required

    Bring the steel to the specified temperature and above the dew point.

  3. Apply

    Spray or brush the field joint coating to the specified thickness, feathering onto the plant coating.

  4. Inspect

    Check thickness and holiday test before lowering in.

Old lines

Pipeline rehabilitation

Aging pipelines with failed coal tar, tape or asphalt coatings are excavated, stripped, blasted and recoated in place. High-build liquid epoxies, polyurethanes and polyureas are used because they build thick in one visit and cure fast enough to backfill the same day in many cases.

Field noteDisbonded tape and shrink sleeves can shield the steel from cathodic protection current, so corrosion continues underneath. Rehab means removing the old coating, not wrapping over it.
Water and wastewater

Water pipe linings and coatings

Steel water pipe and fittings are commonly coated and lined with polyurethane per AWWA C222 or liquid epoxy per AWWA C210. Drinking water linings must be certified to NSF/ANSI/CAN 61. For wastewater, thick polyurea and polyurethane linings resist abrasion and hydrogen sulfide attack. See tank lining and wastewater coatings.

Pipeline coatings

Fast-cure coatings for joints and rehab.

A certified ArmorThane applicator can coat field joints, fittings, rehab sections and water pipe with spray polyurethane and polyurea.

Contractors: become an ArmorThane applicator

FAQ

Pipeline coating questions

What is the most common pipeline coating?

Fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) is the most widely used plant-applied coating in North America, with three-layer polyethylene and polypropylene common elsewhere and for tougher service.

Can polyurea be used on pipelines?

Yes, for field joints, fittings, rehabilitation and abrasion protection. Confirm the product is rated for the operating temperature and compatible with cathodic protection.

What is AWWA C222?

AWWA C222 is the American Water Works Association standard for polyurethane coatings and linings for steel water pipe and fittings.

Why do pipelines need cathodic protection if they are coated?

No coating is perfect. Cathodic protection protects the steel at coating defects and damage, while the coating reduces the current needed.

How are pipeline coatings inspected?

By measuring film thickness and running holiday detection over the coated surface to find pinholes before burial.

AT
Written by the ArmorThane technical team. We have manufactured polyurea, polyurethane and polyaspartic coatings, spray foam and plural-component spray equipment in Springfield, Missouri since 1989. Pipeline coating selection must follow the owner specification and applicable codes.

Sources

  1. AWWA C222, polyurethane coatings and linings for steel water pipe. awwa.org
  2. AWWA C210, liquid-epoxy coatings and linings for steel water pipe. awwa.org
  3. AMPP (formerly NACE) pipeline coating and cathodic protection standards. ampp.org
  4. NSF/ANSI/CAN 61, drinking water system components. nsf.org

Protect the line from the joint out.

Owners get a certified ArmorThane applicator for field joints, rehab and water pipe. Contractors can add pipeline coating with our equipment and training, with no franchise fee and no royalties.

United States 417-831-5090 · Canada 780-444-6200

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